Chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 1015 to 1016.5 eV

Y. Shirasaki; F. Kakimoto; S. Ogio; N. Gironda; M. Takeda; T. Kaneko; H. Yoshii; T. Baba; S. Sano; K. Nishi; N. Tajima; Y. Yamada; S. Shimoda; H. Nakatani; E. Gotoh; K. Murakami; Y. Toyoda; Y. Matsubara; Y. Mizumoto; W. Velasquez; A. Velarde; P. Miranda

doi:10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3

Chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 10¹⁵ to 10^16.5 eV

Y. Shirasaki, F. Kakimoto, S. Ogio, N. Gironda, M. Takeda, T. Kaneko, H. Yoshii, T. Baba, S. Sano, K. Nishi, N. Tajima, Y. Yamada, S. Shimoda, H. Nakatani, E. Gotoh, K. Murakami, Y. Toyoda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Mizumoto, W. VelasquezA. Velarde, P. Miranda

Resultado de la investigación: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

12 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

The chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 10¹⁵ to 10^16.5 eV, so called "knee" region, is examined. We have observed the time structures of air Čerenkov light associated with air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya, Bolivia, since 1995. The distribution of a parameter that characterizes the observed time structures is compared with that calculated with a Monte Carlo technique for various chemical compositions. Then the energy dependence of the average logarithmic mass numbers 〈lnA〉 of the primary cosmic rays is determined. The present result at 10^15.3 eV is almost consistent with the result of JACEE (A≃12) and shows gradual increase in 〈lnA〉 as a function of the primary energy (A≃24 at 10¹⁶ eV). Form the comparison of the observational results with several theoretical models, we conclude that the supernova explosion of massive stars is a plausible candidate for the origin of cosmic rays around the "knee" region.

Idioma original	Inglés
Páginas (desde-hasta)	357-381
Número de páginas	25
Publicación	Astroparticle Physics
Volumen	15
N.º	4
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3
Estado	Publicada - ago. 2001

Nota bibliográfica

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank all the staffs of Institute de Investigaciones Fisicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia, for their helpful support to our experiment. This work is supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan. The authors also would like to appreciate helpful supports by the staffs of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo for the continuation of our experiment at Mount Chacaltaya.

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10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3

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Shirasaki, Y., Kakimoto, F., Ogio, S., Gironda, N., Takeda, M., Kaneko, T., Yoshii, H., Baba, T., Sano, S., Nishi, K., Tajima, N., Yamada, Y., Shimoda, S., Nakatani, H., Gotoh, E., Murakami, K., Toyoda, Y., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., ... Miranda, P. (2001). Chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 10¹⁵ to 10^16.5 eV. Astroparticle Physics, 15(4), 357-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3

@article{c5489e3a9c3341eab7f241fd4e185546,

title = "Chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 1015 to 1016.5 eV",

abstract = "The chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 1015 to 1016.5 eV, so called {"}knee{"} region, is examined. We have observed the time structures of air {\v C}erenkov light associated with air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya, Bolivia, since 1995. The distribution of a parameter that characterizes the observed time structures is compared with that calculated with a Monte Carlo technique for various chemical compositions. Then the energy dependence of the average logarithmic mass numbers 〈lnA〉 of the primary cosmic rays is determined. The present result at 1015.3 eV is almost consistent with the result of JACEE (A≃12) and shows gradual increase in 〈lnA〉 as a function of the primary energy (A≃24 at 1016 eV). Form the comparison of the observational results with several theoretical models, we conclude that the supernova explosion of massive stars is a plausible candidate for the origin of cosmic rays around the {"}knee{"} region.",

keywords = "96.40.-z, 96.40.De, 96.40.Pq, Composition, Cosmic rays, Extensive air showers",

author = "Y. Shirasaki and F. Kakimoto and S. Ogio and N. Gironda and M. Takeda and T. Kaneko and H. Yoshii and T. Baba and S. Sano and K. Nishi and N. Tajima and Y. Yamada and S. Shimoda and H. Nakatani and E. Gotoh and K. Murakami and Y. Toyoda and Y. Matsubara and Y. Mizumoto and W. Velasquez and A. Velarde and P. Miranda",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all the staffs of Institute de Investigaciones Fisicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia, for their helpful support to our experiment. This work is supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan. The authors also would like to appreciate helpful supports by the staffs of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo for the continuation of our experiment at Mount Chacaltaya.",

year = "2001",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3",

language = "Ingl{\'e}s",

volume = "15",

pages = "357--381",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "4",

}

Shirasaki, Y, Kakimoto, F, Ogio, S, Gironda, N, Takeda, M, Kaneko, T, Yoshii, H, Baba, T, Sano, S, Nishi, K, Tajima, N, Yamada, Y, Shimoda, S, Nakatani, H, Gotoh, E, Murakami, K, Toyoda, Y, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Velasquez, W, Velarde, A & Miranda, P 2001, 'Chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 10¹⁵ to 10^16.5 eV', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 15, n.º 4, pp. 357-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 1015 to 1016.5 eV

AU - Shirasaki, Y.

AU - Kakimoto, F.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Gironda, N.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Kaneko, T.

AU - Yoshii, H.

AU - Baba, T.

AU - Sano, S.

AU - Nishi, K.

AU - Tajima, N.

AU - Yamada, Y.

AU - Shimoda, S.

AU - Nakatani, H.

AU - Gotoh, E.

AU - Murakami, K.

AU - Toyoda, Y.

AU - Matsubara, Y.

AU - Mizumoto, Y.

AU - Velasquez, W.

AU - Velarde, A.

AU - Miranda, P.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all the staffs of Institute de Investigaciones Fisicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia, for their helpful support to our experiment. This work is supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan. The authors also would like to appreciate helpful supports by the staffs of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo for the continuation of our experiment at Mount Chacaltaya.

PY - 2001/8

Y1 - 2001/8

N2 - The chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 1015 to 1016.5 eV, so called "knee" region, is examined. We have observed the time structures of air Čerenkov light associated with air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya, Bolivia, since 1995. The distribution of a parameter that characterizes the observed time structures is compared with that calculated with a Monte Carlo technique for various chemical compositions. Then the energy dependence of the average logarithmic mass numbers 〈lnA〉 of the primary cosmic rays is determined. The present result at 1015.3 eV is almost consistent with the result of JACEE (A≃12) and shows gradual increase in 〈lnA〉 as a function of the primary energy (A≃24 at 1016 eV). Form the comparison of the observational results with several theoretical models, we conclude that the supernova explosion of massive stars is a plausible candidate for the origin of cosmic rays around the "knee" region.

AB - The chemical composition of primary cosmic rays with energies from 1015 to 1016.5 eV, so called "knee" region, is examined. We have observed the time structures of air Čerenkov light associated with air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya, Bolivia, since 1995. The distribution of a parameter that characterizes the observed time structures is compared with that calculated with a Monte Carlo technique for various chemical compositions. Then the energy dependence of the average logarithmic mass numbers 〈lnA〉 of the primary cosmic rays is determined. The present result at 1015.3 eV is almost consistent with the result of JACEE (A≃12) and shows gradual increase in 〈lnA〉 as a function of the primary energy (A≃24 at 1016 eV). Form the comparison of the observational results with several theoretical models, we conclude that the supernova explosion of massive stars is a plausible candidate for the origin of cosmic rays around the "knee" region.

KW - 96.40.-z

KW - 96.40.De

KW - 96.40.Pq

KW - Composition

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - Extensive air showers

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=18044402051&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3

DO - 10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00166-3

M3 - Artículo

AN - SCOPUS:18044402051

VL - 15

SP - 357

EP - 381

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

SN - 0927-6505

IS - 4