TY - JOUR
T1 - Photovoltaic/battery system sizing for rural electrification in Bolivia
T2 - Considering the suppressed demand effect
AU - Benavente, Fabian
AU - Lundblad, Anders
AU - Campana, Pietro Elia
AU - Zhang, Yang
AU - Cabrera, Saúl
AU - Lindbergh, Göran
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Rural electrification programs usually do not consider the impact that the increment of demand has on the reliability of off-grid photovoltaic (PV)/battery systems. Based on meteorological data and electricity consumption profiles from the highlands of Bolivian Altiplano, this paper presents a modelling and simulation framework for analysing the performance and reliability of such systems. Reliability, as loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and cost were calculated using simulated PV power output and battery state of charge profiles. The effect of increasing the suppressed demand (SD) by 20% and 50% was studied to determine how reliable and resilient the system designs are. Simulations were performed for three rural application scenarios: a household, a school, and a health centre. Results for the household and school scenarios indicate that, to overcome the SD effect, it is more cost-effective to increase the PV power rather than to increase the battery capacity. However, with an increased PV-size, the battery ageing rate would be higher since the cycles are performed at high state of charge (SOC). For the health centre application, on the other hand, an increase in battery capacity prevents the risk of electricity blackouts while increasing the energy reliability of the system. These results provide important insights for the application design of off-grid PV-battery systems in rural electrification projects, enabling a more efficient and reliable source of electricity.
AB - Rural electrification programs usually do not consider the impact that the increment of demand has on the reliability of off-grid photovoltaic (PV)/battery systems. Based on meteorological data and electricity consumption profiles from the highlands of Bolivian Altiplano, this paper presents a modelling and simulation framework for analysing the performance and reliability of such systems. Reliability, as loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and cost were calculated using simulated PV power output and battery state of charge profiles. The effect of increasing the suppressed demand (SD) by 20% and 50% was studied to determine how reliable and resilient the system designs are. Simulations were performed for three rural application scenarios: a household, a school, and a health centre. Results for the household and school scenarios indicate that, to overcome the SD effect, it is more cost-effective to increase the PV power rather than to increase the battery capacity. However, with an increased PV-size, the battery ageing rate would be higher since the cycles are performed at high state of charge (SOC). For the health centre application, on the other hand, an increase in battery capacity prevents the risk of electricity blackouts while increasing the energy reliability of the system. These results provide important insights for the application design of off-grid PV-battery systems in rural electrification projects, enabling a more efficient and reliable source of electricity.
KW - Energy storage
KW - Li ion batteries
KW - Photovoltaic
KW - Renewable energy
KW - Rural electrification
KW - State of charge
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056217184&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.084
DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.084
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85056217184
SN - 0306-2619
VL - 235
SP - 519
EP - 528
JO - Applied Energy
JF - Applied Energy
ER -